Deterministic system: current state depends on a previous state: x(t) = f(x(t − 1))
Anticipatory system (as defined by Robert Rosen etc): current state depends upon a previous state, the current state itself, and possible future states: (x(t) = f(x(t − 1), x(t), x(t + 1))
![](https://samim.io/static/upload/Anticipatory-system-as-unity-of-reaction-and-anticipation.png)