Modelling serendipity in a computational context - Research paper by Joseph Corneli, Anna Jordanous, Christian Guckelsberger, Alison Pease, Simon Colton (2019)
A more naive interpretation of serendipity from the paper "Designing a Semantic Sketchbook to Create Opportunities for Serendipity" (2012):
"All models are wrong, but some are useful" - George Box